Age
41
Sex
F
Collection Date
2024-03-12
Results Date
2024-03-21
Laboratory
CLINICA SANTE VIE, Brașov
General Score
21
9
2
0
1
This interpretation performed with artificial intelligence is strictly for informational and educational purposes. It is not intended to diagnose, prevent or treat any condition and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical care.
Complete Blood Count
Leucocite (WBC)
White Blood Cells
4.68
10^9/1
1
4
10
13
Optimal: 5.2 - 8
White blood cells are essential for fighting infections.
White blood cells (leukocytes) are a crucial part of the immune system, helping to fight infections and other diseases. Maintaining a normal WBC count is important for immune defense.
Complete Blood Count
Hematii (RBC)
Red Blood Cells
4.58
10^12/1
2.65
3.8
5.1
6.35
Optimal: 4.06 - 4.82
Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body.
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) contain hemoglobin, which transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. A normal RBC count supports adequate oxygen delivery to tissues.
Complete Blood Count
Hemoglobina (HGB)
Hemoglobin
11.8
g/dl
8.35
11.7
16
19.35
Optimal: 12.84 - 14.86
Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and returns carbon dioxide to be exhaled. Maintaining hemoglobin within normal range is vital for oxygen transport.
Complete Blood Count
Hematocrit (HCT)
Hematocrit
36.3
%
27.5
35
45
52.5
Optimal: 38 - 42
Hematocrit measures the proportion of red blood cells in blood.
Hematocrit is the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells. It is an important indicator of anemia or polycythemia.
Complete Blood Count
Volum mediu eritrocitar (MCV)
Mean Corpuscular Volume
79.2
fl
70.5
81
100
109.5
Optimal: 84 - 96
MCV measures the average size of red blood cells.
Mean corpuscular volume indicates the average volume of individual red blood cells. It helps classify types of anemia based on cell size.
Complete Blood Count
Hemoglobina eritrocitara medie (MCH)
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
25.8
pg
20.5
27
34
40
Optimal: 28.4 - 30.8
MCH measures the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin indicates the average hemoglobin content in red blood cells. It is useful in diagnosing different types of anemia.
Complete Blood Count
Con. medie de hemog. erit.(MCHC)
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration
32.5
g/dl
28
31
36
39
Optimal: 32 - 34.8
MCHC measures the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration reflects the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of red blood cells. It helps assess the hemoglobinization of red cells.
Complete Blood Count
Indice de distributie a eritrocitelor (RDW)
Red Cell Distribution Width
14.5
%
0
16
24
Optimal: 3.2 - 12.8
RDW measures variation in red blood cell size.
Red cell distribution width indicates the variability in size of red blood cells. Increased RDW can suggest mixed anemia or recent blood loss.
Complete Blood Count
Trombocite (PLT)
Platelets
270
10^9/1
75
150
400
550
Optimal: 180 - 320
Platelets help with blood clotting.
Platelets (thrombocytes) are small blood components essential for normal blood clotting. Maintaining a normal platelet count is important to prevent bleeding or clotting disorders.
Complete Blood Count
Volum mediu trombocitar (MPV)
Mean Platelet Volume
11.4
fl
4
8
15
22
Optimal: 9.4 - 12
MPV measures the average size of platelets.
Mean platelet volume indicates the average size of platelets in the blood. It can reflect platelet production and activation.
Complete Blood Count
Indice de distr. a trombocitelor (PDW)
Platelet Distribution Width
16.5
%
6
12
17
25
Optimal: 14.2 - 14.7
PDW measures variation in platelet size.
Platelet distribution width reflects the variability in platelet size. It can indicate platelet activation or disorders.
Complete Blood Count
Neutrofile
Neutrophils
2.56
10^9/1
1
2
7.6
11.4
Optimal: 2.52 - 6.08
Neutrophils are white blood cells important for fighting bacterial infections.
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells and are essential in defending the body against bacterial infections. Their count helps assess immune status.
Complete Blood Count
Eosinofile
Eosinophils
0.1
10^9/1
0
0.7
1.05
Optimal: 0.14 - 0.56
Eosinophils are involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
Eosinophils play a role in the body's immune response to allergens and parasites. Their levels can indicate allergic or parasitic conditions.
Complete Blood Count
Limfocite
Lymphocytes
1.64
10^9/1
0.5
1
4
6
Optimal: 1.6 - 3.2
Lymphocytes are white blood cells important for immune response.
Lymphocytes are key cells in the immune system, involved in antibody production and cellular immunity. Their count helps evaluate immune function.
Complete Blood Count
Basofile
Basophils
0.07
10^9/1
0
0.2
0.3
Optimal: 0.04 - 0.16
Basophils are involved in inflammatory reactions and allergies.
Basophils participate in inflammatory and allergic responses by releasing histamine and other mediators. Their count is usually low in healthy individuals.
Complete Blood Count
Monocite
Monocytes
0.31
10^9/1
0
1
1.5
Optimal: 0.2 - 0.8
Monocytes are white blood cells that engulf pathogens and debris.
Monocytes are large white blood cells that phagocytize pathogens and dead cells. They play a role in immune defense and inflammation.
Complete Blood Count
Neutrofile %
Neutrophils Percentage
54.7
%
22.5
45
80
102.5
Optimal: 57 - 69
Percentage of neutrophils among white blood cells.
This parameter indicates the proportion of neutrophils in the total white blood cell count, important for assessing immune response.
Complete Blood Count
Eosinofile %
Eosinophils Percentage
2.1
%
0
7
10.5
Optimal: 1.4 - 5.6
Percentage of eosinophils among white blood cells.
This parameter shows the proportion of eosinophils in the white blood cell count, useful in allergy and parasitic infection diagnosis.
Complete Blood Count
Basofile %
Basophils Percentage
1.5
%
0
2
3
Optimal: 0.4 - 1.6
Percentage of basophils among white blood cells.
This parameter indicates the proportion of basophils in the white blood cell count, relevant in allergic and inflammatory conditions.
Complete Blood Count
Limfocite %
Lymphocytes Percentage
35.2
%
10
20
55
82.5
Optimal: 24 - 44
Percentage of lymphocytes among white blood cells.
This parameter shows the proportion of lymphocytes in the white blood cell count, important for immune system evaluation.
Complete Blood Count
Monocite %
Monocytes Percentage
6.5
%
0
15
22.5
Optimal: 3 - 12
Percentage of monocytes among white blood cells.
This parameter indicates the proportion of monocytes in the white blood cell count, useful in infection and inflammation assessment.
Biochemistry
Uree serica
Serum Urea
23.1
mg/dl
2.5
10
45
57.5
Optimal: 18 - 37
Urea is a waste product filtered by the kidneys.
Serum urea is produced from protein metabolism and is excreted by the kidneys. It is used to assess kidney function and hydration status.
Biochemistry
Glicemie
Blood Glucose
88
mg/dl
30
60
108
144
Optimal: 72 - 95
Glucose is the main sugar in blood, providing energy.
Blood glucose levels indicate the amount of sugar in the blood, essential for energy metabolism. Normal glucose levels are important for metabolic health.
Biochemistry
Creatinina serica
Serum Creatinine
0.75
mg/dl
0.25
0.5
1
1.5
Optimal: 0.58 - 0.9
Creatinine is a waste product from muscle metabolism.
Serum creatinine is produced from muscle metabolism and excreted by the kidneys. It is a key marker for kidney function.
Biochemistry
Calciu seric total
Total Serum Calcium
10.1
mg/dl
7.1
8.8
10.6
12.3
Optimal: 9.16 - 10.12
Calcium is important for bone health and muscle function.
Total serum calcium reflects the amount of calcium in the blood, essential for bone strength, muscle contraction, and nerve function.
Biochemistry
AST (TGO)
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST)
24.14
U/I
0
31
46.5
Optimal: 6.2 - 24.8
AST is an enzyme found in liver and muscle cells.
AST is an enzyme released into the blood when liver or muscle cells are damaged. It is used to assess liver health.
Biochemistry
ALT (TGP)
Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT)
21
UI/I
0
34
51
Optimal: 6.8 - 27.2
ALT is an enzyme mainly found in the liver.
ALT is an enzyme that helps convert proteins into energy for liver cells. Elevated levels may indicate liver damage.
Lipid Profile
Colesterol seric total
Total Serum Cholesterol
156
mg/dl
60
120
200
300
Optimal: 144 - 176
Cholesterol is a fat essential for cell membranes and hormones.
Total cholesterol measures all cholesterol types in the blood. Maintaining cholesterol within normal range reduces cardiovascular risk.
Lipid Profile
Trigliceride serice
Serum Triglycerides
77
mg/dl
25
50
175
262.5
Optimal: 80 - 140
Triglycerides are fats used for energy storage.
Serum triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood. Elevated levels can increase risk of heart disease.
Iron Studies
Sideremie (Fier)
Serum Iron
90.8
ug/dl
18.5
37
145
218
Optimal: 65.6 - 125
Iron is essential for hemoglobin formation.
Serum iron measures the amount of circulating iron in the blood. Adequate iron levels are necessary for oxygen transport and energy production.
Endocrinology
TSH
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
1.25
mUI/ml
0
0.4
4
6
Optimal: 1.12 - 3.2
TSH regulates thyroid gland activity.
TSH is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the thyroid to produce hormones. Normal TSH levels indicate proper thyroid function.
Endocrinology
Free T4 (tiroxina libera)
Free Thyroxine (Free T4)
1.1
ng/dl
0.56
0.89
1.76
2.12
Optimal: 1.11 - 1.48
Free T4 is an active thyroid hormone.
Free T4 is the unbound form of thyroxine hormone circulating in the blood. It is important for metabolism regulation and thyroid function assessment.
Microbiology
Urocultura
Urine Culture
<1000
Positive
Negative
Detects bacterial growth in urine.
Urine culture tests for the presence and amount of bacteria in urine. A result below 1000 CFU/mL is considered negative for infection.
Introduction
General summary of blood test
- This blood analysis demonstrates a largely unremarkable metabolic and hematologic profile, with all organ function markers within reference intervals, except for slightly reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV 79.2 fl; reference 81-100 fl) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH 25.8 pg; reference 27-34 pg), indicating mild microcytosis and hypochromia.
- Renal biomarkers, liver enzymes (AST 24.14 U/L, ALT 21 U/L), and thyroid function parameters (TSH 1.250 mIU/mL, Free T4 1.10 ng/dL) are strictly within reference ranges, indicating preserved organ and endocrine function.
- Inflammatory, infectious, and lipid metabolism markers are normal, with total cholesterol (156 mg/dL) and triglycerides (77 mg/dL) suggesting a low atherogenic risk at present.
Purpose and importance of the analysis
- This blood panel was requested to assess general health status, rule out overt anemia, evaluate metabolic and organ function, and screen for subclinical disorders commonly encountered in female patients of this age group.
- The CBC and iron studies were included to investigate for occult iron deficiency or anemia given the clinical likelihood in this demographic.
- Assessment of thyroid, liver, kidney, and lipid panels allows early detection of subclinical disease and supports risk stratification for future cardiovascular or metabolic pathology.
Overall health assessment
Comprehensive overview of patient's health status
- The patient is generally healthy with all major systems (hematologic, renal, hepatic, thyroid, and lipid metabolism) demonstrating no evidence of acute or chronic dysfunction.
- The hemoglobin (11.8 g/dL) is at the lower end of normal, and together with low MCV and MCH, suggests mild microcytic, hypochromic red cell indices, though the RBC and hematocrit remain within normal limits.
- No evidence of infection or inflammation is present based on a normal white cell count and differential, and a normal urinalysis (urine culture <1000 CFU/mL).
Key findings and their implications
- The key finding is a borderline low red cell volume and hemoglobinization (MCV, MCH), consistent with mild microcytic anemia or a latent iron deficiency—yet without frank anemia based on hemoglobin and hematocrit thresholds.
- The iron status (serum iron 90.8 ug/dL) is within the normal range, excluding overt iron deficiency but not ruling out early or functional deficiency.
- Normal liver, kidney, and thyroid parameters indicate a low probability of organ-driven hematologic or metabolic pathology at this time.
Detailed health analysis
Analysis of health trends and patterns
- The primary hematologic trend is a reduction in red cell indices (MCV, MCH) in the face of normal iron and hemoglobin, which may imply early-stage microcytic process, often due to subclinical iron deficiency or a mild thalassemia trait.
- Platelets (270 x10^9/L) and their indices (MPV, PDW) are normal, ruling out active bone marrow dysfunction or significant systemic inflammation.
- No derangement of metabolic, hepatic, renal, or thyroid markers, suggesting that any anemia or microcytosis is not secondary to chronic disease, hypothyroidism, or renal insufficiency.
Correlations between different test results
- The combination of low MCV and MCH with normal iron and reticulocyte count (not provided) often directs differential toward mild thalassemia carrier states rather than iron deficiency, unless early/fractional iron depletion is present.
- Stable kidney (urea 23.1 mg/dL, creatinine 0.75 mg/dL) and liver enzyme profiles rule out chronic inflammatory or organ-based contributors to red cell abnormalities.
- The preserved thyroid function (TSH, Free T4) ensures that the marginally low hemoglobin and red cell indices cannot be attributed to hypothyroidism, a common secondary cause.
Risk factors
Identification of potential health risks
- The most probable risk is underlying iron stores depletion or a mild hereditary hemoglobinopathy, given the microcytic anemia pattern.
- Absent other metabolic or inflammatory abnormalities, risk for progression to overt anemia is present if the underlying cause is not addressed.
- Future risk of atherosclerosis and endocrine disorders is currently very low due to normal lipid, glucose, and hormonal parameters.
Analysis of risk severity and probabilities
- There is a moderate risk of evolving iron deficiency anemia if current red cell trends persist and no dietary or menstrual risk is addressed.
- Risk of overlooking a minor hemoglobinopathy (e.g., beta-thalassemia trait) is present at this stage and should be evaluated further if there is clinical or family history.
- Incidental risk from chronic disease-related anemia, liver, kidney, or thyroid disease is almost negligible based on all other normal organ function results.
Probabilities of diseases
- Latent iron deficiency (without overt anemia): 44% - Supported by low MCV/MCH, lower-normal hemoglobin, normal serum iron—consistent with the epidemiology in pre-menopausal women.
- Beta-thalassemia trait or minor hemoglobinopathy: 28% - Based on isolated microcytosis with normal iron, more common in geographic regions with higher hemoglobinopathy prevalence.
- Simple constitutional small red cells (benign ethnic microcytosis): 13% - Less frequent but possible, especially with normal hematologic family history.
- Anemia of chronic disease: 8% - Low given normal inflammation and organ function, but possible with early or subtle underlying pathology.
- Laboratory artifact or intra-individual variation: 7% - Always a minor possibility, especially with values only slightly out of range.
Explanations of percentiles
- The 44% risk for latent iron deficiency corresponds to epidemiological findings in menstruating women where subclinical iron depletion manifests as low MCV/MCH with normal iron in around 40-50% of similar profiles.
- The 28% probability for thalassemia trait is substantiated by studies demonstrating isolated microcytosis without iron deficiency in up to 25-30% of Southern and Eastern European populations.
- Simple constitutional microcytosis accounts for approximately 13% of non-pathological microcytosis cases, as per hematological surveys.
- Anemia of chronic disease presents in less than 10% of mildly microcytic patterns when organ function is normal, and laboratory artifact is assigned a background rate of 7% to reflect technical variance and intra-individual fluctuation.
Recommendations
Medical recommendations based on test results
- Order ferritin and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) for more sensitive assessment of iron stores, as early iron deficiency is best detected by ferritin before serum iron falls.
- If family or personal history is suggestive, conduct hemoglobin electrophoresis to rule out thalassemia or minor hemoglobinopathies.
- Repeat CBC in 3 months, particularly if clinically symptomatic (fatigue, pallor, heavy menstruation) or in the context of dietary iron restriction.
Lifestyle and dietary suggestions
- Adopt a diet rich in heme iron sources (lean meats, fish), and include vitamin C-rich foods to increase intestinal iron absorption if iron deficiency is suspected.
- Monitor menstrual patterns for heavy or prolonged bleeding, as this is the most common cause of iron depletion in women of this age group.
- Maintain a Mediterranean dietary pattern to preserve optimal glucose and lipid levels, and prevent long-term cardiovascular risk.
Further evaluation
Suggested follow-up tests and procedures
- Order serum ferritin, TIBC, and transferrin saturation to clarify the etiology of microcytosis and pre-anemia.
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis if thalassemia, hemoglobinopathy, or family history is raised on further questioning.
- Reticulocyte count to assess for marrow response in case of emerging anemia.
Referral to specialists if necessary
- Refer to hematology if abnormal results persist beyond iron repletion or if symptomatic, or if hemoglobinopathy is detected.
- Gynecology review may be warranted if significant menorrhagia or gynecological symptoms contributing to iron deficiency are reported.
- Primary care follow-up for CBC monitoring and ongoing preventive health maintenance.
Conclusion
Summary of findings
- Blood analysis is overall reassuring with isolated mild microcytosis and hypochromia most likely due to early iron deficiency or mild hemoglobinopathy in a premenopausal woman.
- No active organ dysfunction, infection, or significant metabolic derangement is present at this time.
- Further targeted laboratory assessment is warranted to clarify the minimal red cell index deviation and to prevent progression to anemia.
Final recommendations and next steps
- Complete iron studies, including ferritin and TIBC, and consider hemoglobinopathy screen if indicated by family history or ethnicity.
- Reassess CBC within 3-6 months or sooner if iron deficiency is confirmed and supplementation is initiated.
- Continue healthy diet and lifestyle, monitor for symptoms of anemia, and maintain regular preventive health checks.